How To Write Samurai In Japanese

Translingual [edit]

Stroke order

Han graphic symbol [edit]

侍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人土木戈 (OGDI), four-corner 2424_i, composition ⿰亻寺)

Derived characters [edit]

• 㣥

References [edit]

• KangXi: page 101, grapheme 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: grapheme 589
• Dae Jaweon: page 215, character seven
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume i, page 143, character 17
• Unihan information for U+4F8D

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Chinese [edit]

trad.		侍
simp. #		侍

Glyph origin [edit]

Historical forms of the character 侍
Pocket-size seal script s05766 Transcribed ancient scripts L19117 L19118 L19119 L19120
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (dominance), which in plough draws data from diverse collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (minor seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle os script).

	Old Chinese
等	*tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待	*dɯːʔ
寺	*ljɯs
持	*l'ɯ
峙	*dɯʔ
痔	*dɯʔ
跱	*dɯʔ
歭	*dɯʔ
洔	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲	*dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤	*dɯʔ
時	*djɯ
鰣	*djɯ
塒	*djɯ
蒔	*djɯ, *djɯs
榯	*djɯ
恃	*djɯʔ
侍	*djɯs
詩	*hljɯ
邿	*hljɯ
特	*dɯːɡ

Pronunciation [edit]

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si^half-dozen
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
• Min Dong (BUC): sê
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sī / sīr / sāi / sū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)

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Definitions [edit]

侍

1. to wait upon; to serve
2. attendant; retainer
3. a surname: Shi

Compounds [edit]

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Japanese [edit]

Kanji [edit]

侍

(common "Jōyō" kanji)

1. samurai
2. expect upon, serve

Readings [edit]

• Go-on: じ ( ji, Jōyō )
• Kan-on: し ( shi )
• Kun: さぶらい ( saburai , 侍 ) ^{←さぶらひ ( saburafi, historical )} ; さぶらう ( saburau, 侍う ) ^{←さぶらふ ( saburafu, historical )} ; さむらい ( samurai , 侍 , Jōyō ) ^{←さむらひ ( samurafi, historical )} ; さむらう ( samurau, 侍う ) ^{←さむらふ ( samurafu, historical )} ; はべる ( haberu, 侍る )
• Nanori: つこ ( tsuko ); ひと ( hito )

Compounds [edit]

Etymology one [edit]

Kanji in this term
侍
さむらい Grade: Due south
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
士

⟨sa morapi₁⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /samurawi/ → /samurai/

Sound shift from saburai (run into below), itself the 連用形 ( ren'yōkei, stem or continuative class ) of classical verb 侍ふ ( saburafu, " to serve ", modernistic saburau ), ultimately derived from さ ( sa-, prefix of uncertain meaning ) + 守らふ ( morafu, " to go on spotter ", modernistic morau ).

The shift from saburaf- → samuraf- is due to the development of the 女性語 ( josei-get, " women's language " ) in Middle Japanese. A different development of this b is seen in 候 ( sōrō, " service ", classical saurafu ).

Pronunciation [edit]

• Kun'yomi
• ( Tokyo ) さむらい [sàmúráí] (Heiban – [0])^{[i] [two]}
• IPA^(key): [sa̠mɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Noun [edit]

侍( さむらい ) • (samurai)^{←さむらひ ( samurafi ) ?}

1. ( historical ) a warrior course in medieval and pre-modern Nihon; samurai

   Synonym: 武士 ( bushi )

2. one who serves nearby:
   1. a retainer
   2. a retainer
3. Brusk for 侍所 ( samurai-dokoro ) : the Lath of Retainers in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
4. an higher up-boilerplate person

Derived terms [edit]

Idioms [edit]

• 黄( こ ) 金( がね ) と侍( さむらい ) は朽( く ) ちても朽( く ) ちぬ ( kogane to samurai wa kuchite mo kuchinu )

See likewise [edit]

• 武士( ぶし ) 道( どう ) ( bushidō , " samurai code of conduct " )
• 浪人( ろうにん ) ( rōnin , " masterless samurai " )

Etymology 2 [edit]

Kanji in this term
侍
さぶらい Class: South
kun'yomi

⟨sa morapi_i⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /saburawi/ → /saburai/

The 連用形 ( ren'yōkei, stalk or continuative course ) of classical verb 侍ふ ( saburafu, " to serve " ).

Pronunciation [edit]

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [sa̠bɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Substantive [edit]

侍( さぶらい ) • (saburai)^{←さぶらひ ( saburafi ) ?}

1. ( archaic ) ane who serves nearby:
   1. a servant
   2. a retainer
   3. a warrior; particularly, a samurai
      • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (folio 545)^[iii]

        Saburai. サブライ(侍) 貴族, または,尊敬すべき人〔武士〕.

2. Synonym of 下侍 ( shimosaburai ) : This term needs a translation to English. Delight assistance out and add a translation, so remove the text {{rfdef}}.
3. Curt for 侍所 ( saburai-dokoro ) : a samurai guardhouse in the Heian period

References [edit]

1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Tertiary Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Lexicon) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

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Korean [edit]

Hanja [edit]

侍 (eum 시 ( si ))

1. This term needs a translation to English language. Please help out and add a translation, so remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese [edit]

Han grapheme [edit]

侍: Hán Nôm readings: thị

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please assist out and add a translation, and so remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References [edit]

• Nom Foundation

Source: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BE%8D

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